1 Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis? A mRNA B tRNA C rRNA D snRNA
2 What type of tissue lines the inner surface of the stomach and secretes digestive juices? A Glandular epithelial tissue B Smooth muscle tissue C Connective tissue D Nervous tissue
3 Which of the following is the general formula for carbohydrates? A CnH2nOn B Cn(H2O)n C CnH2nO2 D CnH2n+2O
4 During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur? A G1 phase B S phase C G2 phase D M phase
6 Which of the following occurs during anaphase of mitosis? A Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate B Nuclear envelope reforms C Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles D Chromosomes condense and become visible
7 During which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur? A Prophase I B Metaphase I C Anaphase I D Prophase II
8 Which organ system removes waste products such as urea and excess salts from the blood? A Digestive system B Respiratory system C Urinary system D Integumentary system
9 Which part of an amino acid gives it its unique properties? A Amino group B Carboxyl group C Hydrogen atom D R-group
10 What is homeostasis? A The process of cell division B The maintenance of a stable internal environment C The movement of molecules from high to low concentration D The breakdown of food by enzymes
12 Which organ system includes the brain and spinal cord and helps control and coordinate body activities? A Endocrine system B Nervous system C Muscular system D Circulatory system
13 What is a benign tumor? A A tumor that spreads to other parts of the body B A tumor that remains confined to its original location C A tumor that is always cancerous D A tumor that results from meiosis errors
14 Lipids are made up of which two building blocks? A Amino acids and glycerol B Glycerol and fatty acids C Monosaccharides and fatty acids D Nucleotides and glycerol
15 What is the role of the G0 phase? A Cell division B DNA replication C Cell cycle arrest D Chromosome alignment
17 What is the main significance of meiosis? A It produces identical daughter cells for growth B It reduces chromosome number and creates genetic diversity C It repairs damaged tissues D It replicates DNA during interphase
18 What is the general formula of carbohydrates? A C_nH_2nO_n B C_nH_2nO_2n C C_n(H_2O)_n D C_nH_nO_n
20 What happens during the G1 phase of the cell cycle? A DNA is replicated B The cell prepares for division and grows C The cell divides into two daughter cells D Chromosomes line up at the equator
21 The pancreas helps regulate blood glucose levels by producing which hormone? A Insulin B Adrenaline C Thyroxine D Testosterone
22 The root system in plants is mainly involved in: A Photosynthesis B Anchoring the plant and absorbing water C Transporting sugars to leaves D Producing flowers
23 What is the central dogma of molecular biology? A DNA → RNA → Protein B RNA → DNA → Protein C Protein → RNA → DNA D DNA → Protein → RNA
24 Which of the following best describes the levels of organization in a multicellular organism, from simplest to most complex? A Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism B Tissue → Cell → Organ → Organism → Organ System C Organ → Tissue → Cell → Organ System → Organism D Cell → Organ → Tissue → Organism → Organ System
25 Which of the following is the correct order of levels of organization from simplest to most complex? A Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism B Tissue → Cell → Organ → Organism → Organ System C Organ → Tissue → Cell → Organ System → Organism D Cell → Organ → Tissue → Organism → Organ System